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Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life, by Martin E. P. Seligman
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Known as the father of the new science of positive psychology, Martin E.P. Seligman draws on more than twenty years of clinical research to demonstrate how optimism enchances the quality of life, and how anyone can learn to practice it. Offering many simple techniques, Dr. Seligman explains how to break an “I—give-up” habit, develop a more constructive explanatory style for interpreting your behavior, and experience the benefits of a more positive interior dialogue. These skills can help break up depression, boost your immune system, better develop your potential, and make you happier.. With generous additional advice on how to encourage optimistic behavior at school, at work and in children, Learned Optimism is both profound and practical–and valuable for every phase of life.
- Sales Rank: #5381 in Books
- Brand: Unknown
- Model: 1763252
- Published on: 2006-01-03
- Released on: 2006-01-03
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.00" h x .80" w x 5.20" l, .60 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 319 pages
- Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life
Amazon.com Review
Martin Seligman, a renowned psychologist and clinical researcher, has been studying optimists and pessimists for 25 years. Pessimists believe that bad events are their fault, will last a long time, and undermine everything. They feel helpless and may sink into depression, which is epidemic today, especially among youths. Optimists, on the other hand, believe that defeat is a temporary setback or a challenge--it doesn't knock them down. "Pessimism is escapable," asserts Seligman, by learning a new set of cognitive skills that will enable you to take charge, resist depression, and make yourself feel better and accomplish more.
About two-thirds of this book is a psychological discussion of pessimism, optimism, learned helplessness (giving up because you feel unable to change things), explanatory style (how you habitually explain to yourself why events happen), and depression, and how these affect success, health, and quality of life. Seligman supports his points with animal research and human cases. He includes tests for you and your child--whose achievement may be related more to his or her level of optimism/pessimism than ability. The final chapters teach the skills of changing from pessimism to optimism, with worksheet pages to guide you and your child. --Joan Price
From Library Journal
The author, a leading expert on the theory and treatment of depression, has written a lively, very accessible book on the power of a positive outlook and how to develop it. Basing his theories on his original research on "learned helplessness," Seligman goes on to develop a systematic model for the cognitive treatment of depression. This book summarizes his more recent work on a person's characteristic predisposition toward optimism or pessimism. Convincingly demonstrating that an optimistic mood contributes to one's success and happiness, Seligman goes on to demonstrate how a more optimistic outlook can be developed. Presented for lay readers, this book can be highly recommended to professionals as well for its lucid and informative introduction to cognitive therapy and its approach to issues of mood and depression.
- Paul Hymowitz, New York Medical Coll.
Copyright 1991 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
“Vaulted me out of my funk. . . . So, fellow moderate pessimists, go buy this book." — The New York Times Book Review”One of the most important books of the century--an absolute must-read for all persons interested in genuinely understanding and helping our fellow human beings.” —Dr. Robert H. Schuller, author of Tough Times Never Last, But Tough People Do "Dr. Seligman makes an optimistic case for optimism: you can learn it, you can measure it, you can teach it, and you will be healthier and happier for it.” —Dr. Aaron T. Beck, author of Love is Never Enough“A system for reforming the most entrenched pessimist.” —Philadelphia Daily News
Most helpful customer reviews
43 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
A great way for dealing with adversity
By Graham Lawes
I've not found a more effective or compelling book than this for understanding the psychology of happiness, or a more practical method for battling onslaughts of adversity.
Seligman gives us a useful mnemonic, ABC, to help us remember his method of learned optimism. A is for Adversity: trouble hits. B is for Belief: you start explaining to yourself why this is happening -- mostly incorrectly -- based on your habitual assumptions and beliefs. C is for Consequence: you feel stressed, anxious, and depressed as your emotional response system kicks in.
So, for many of us, when something bad happens our pessimistic explanatory style tends to pick the worst possible explanation for our worry -- the most permanent, the most pervasive, and the most personal. And our inner voice keeps telling us that we are a failure, we'll always be a failure, and we'll be a failure in all things.
This sort of pessimistic response could ruin your life -- and Seligman gives us some examples where it has. But there is a better way. All beliefs are subject to question. And when we dispute our assumptions -- often formed in childhood -- we usually find that they are not well-founded. The facts are on our side.
You can use the ABC method to see things as they really are. Then you are ready to fight back. D is for Disputation: you dispute your habitual beliefs and look for alternative explanations. E is for Energization: you observe and nurture the energy that arises naturally when you throw out your assumptions and start to follow a new course.
The beauty of this approach is that you don't need to do anything except remove the obstacles that you've put in your own way. The mnemonic is a little contrived, of course, but ABCDE is easy to remember and easy to use. Consequently, I've used this method to counter many adversities -- which isn't to say that I've become, at last, an optimistic and happy person. I'm sure I'll always be a realist. But the act of disputation never fails to open up new possibilities. In fact, I find that D is all I really need to remember: Dispute or Distract -- either dispute your internal assumptions and pessimistic outlook, or distract your mind out of its cycle of worry.
A pessimistic reaction is usually an overreaction. And a pessimistic reaction doesn't make you happy. So there's no reason not to try adopting a more optimistic explanatory style, if at all possible. This book tells you how and it's destined to be a classic of the self-help literature because it provides a scientific basis for understanding the genesis of unhappiness, including the root causes of anxiety and depression, and then it gives a practical approach to solving this condition.
Positive psychology began with learned optimism, and to my mind, along with Csikszentmihalyi's book, Finding Flow, this book is the best place to start in the quest for happiness, because anything that works to improve our state of mind must address the underlying tendency we have in modern cultures to worry more than is good for us, talk ourselves into depression, and mire ourselves in passivity and inactivity.
Of course, learned optimism is not for everyone. Whenever I suggest to my kids that they use optimism, they groan. The last thing they want to hear is my interpretation of the ABC method. Or, perhaps it's for everyone to discover for themselves in their own way. But, when I'm hit with an adversity, I, at least, need an approach like this to prevent me from falling into a too-pessimistic frame of mind.
Seligman worked hard on this book and he's done a great thing. Learned Optimism has seeped into the language and promises to improve our prospects for happiness.
Graham Lawes
49 of 51 people found the following review helpful.
Rebuttal to reviewers who don't like the book
By Green Bean
Most of the reviewers who gave bad reviews did so for similar reasons. I will rebut those reviewers here.
1. "Not enough pages dedicated to 'how to'"
It is true that there is only one small chapter of (plus a few more chapters of specific applications) 'how to.' But I think this is a good thing! The solution to pessimism is surprisingly simple, and the author (wisely) doesn't dilute the message in his how-to chapters. Short, simple solutions should be preferred when it comes to self-help. Complicated solutions are just too difficult to remember and practice in real life.
It's short and sweet, and that's the way self-help should be. So go ahead and skip to the final chapters if you want. The rest is up to you to PRACTICE the techniques in the book.
2. "Get some other book instead"
No, get this one first!
Here's the #1 problem with other self-help books: Self-help is like diets-- they fail mostly because we give up on them, sometimes before we even start! And why do we give up on them? In a large part, we give up because we are pessimistic! Deep down inside, we question whether doing X,Y and Z will really help us achieve what we want. So we give up on that particular self-help method, then it's another trip to the bookstore for the next miracle cure that we will also give up on.
Seligman's work addresses this disfunctional thinking directly. In fact, his research began by studying laboratory dogs that were so downtrodden that, despite repeated electric shocks, they were too "lazy" to step off the grid. These dogs were psychologically "helpless."
Have you ever been so downtrodden that you forgot implement self-help ideas such as: meditating, accessing the power of now, positive visualization, NLP, etc etc etc? Yes, that's the problem and it's a big one.
So this book will complement (add value to) any other self-help book you get because it will give you the motivation to follow through with that book.
By the way, many people recommend "Awaken the Giant Within" instead of this one. I read "Giant", yet I think I was too pessimistic to implement it! So first things first!
Besides, I think this book will eliminate the need of many of those other self-help books.
3. "Too much history and science blah blah"
Those early chapters on the history of the research play a crucial role in your learning.
First, feel free to skip over the early chapters to the how-to sections if you find the early chapters boring or irrelevant to you. I skipped to the last part before deciding I wanted to read the whole thing. Those few chapters are worth the price!
Second, since implementing the techniques takes WORK, readers need a reason to believe these techniques will help them. Seligman provides people with reasons to believe by: Explaining how it works, explaining why it's better than other theories, by building up his own credibility, and, (hopefully) creating some excitement. Since pessimists tend to be realists, Seligman gives plenty of real reasons to believe he's right. I found the early chapters truly inspiring!
Third, by reading the chapters on the history and science of his work you will gain insights into how you can implement his techniques more thoroughly. You will gain a greater sensitivity to the things that undermine your optimism.
Fourth, his discussion of the science and history of his ideas is absolutely fascinating! I was riveted. It has pure entertainment value as well as teaches you some interesting psychology. Give those chapters a decent try. If you find yourself indifferent, then go ahead and skip forward.
4. "I would rather be a pessimist"
Some reviewers suggest that optimists are deluded and harmful to society. Seligman spends considerable time addressing these concerns. He compares the benefits and costs of both optimism and pessimism, and even talks about the judicious use of pessimism. (Though the benefits of optimism are huge in comparison to those of pessimism.)
Contrary to what one review said, Seligman's techniques do not involve foregoing personal accountability. (He is very clear on that point!)
He advocates a "flexible optimism" that offers the best of both worlds of optimism and pessimism.
IN SUM: It's the best psychological self-help book I've ever read (and I've read a bunch!)
And here's some advice if you read this book: The first thing you should apply your new-found optimism techniques to is optimism itself! Be optimistic about how optimism can help you. Then PRACTICE by applying the techniques on even the most trivial good or bad things in your life.
Good luck.
62 of 66 people found the following review helpful.
Seligman's principles are solid and effective.
By A Customer
There's a reason this book is selling so well. Seligman has been able to whittle down the tremendous amount known about the subject into three fundamental principles. There is a test in the book so you can find out in what area you are weak. I did it, and so did my wife, and we both were able to pinpoint a specific change in our way of describing negative events to ourselves that really made a difference to both of us. The fact that Seligman narrows it down to a few very effective principles makes the material much easier to understand and apply. He doesn't try to tell you everything. He focuses on just what will make a difference.
I'm the author of the book, Self-Help Stuff That Works, and I'm an expert on optimism, and this book is the one I recommend more often than any other. Seligman is a careful, conscientious scientist and his conclusions are rock-solid.
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